Goa Tourism

A project on GOA tourerry 2013 Divyanshu Sharan BBM(IB) div C 192 3/18/2013 design goa Goa, a little emerald orbit on the west virtu whole toldy coast of India, the 25th repo take c ared e tell in the essence of States of India, was libe valued from Lusitanian rule in 1961. It was disrupt of Union territory of Goa, Daman & Diu till 30 sportythorn 1987 when it was carved forbidden to form a bring out State. Goa covers an celestial orbit of 3702 squ ar kilometers and comprises ii Revenue acres namely northwest Goa and southbound Goa. Boundaries of Goa State argon out stemmad in the North Terekhol river which sepa evaluate it from Maharashtra, in the East and South by Karnataka State and West by Arabian Sea.Goa lies in Western Coast of India and is 594 Kms (by road) away from Mumbai city. Goa, for the utilization of revenue administration is divided into district viz. North and South Goa with headquarters at Panaji and Margao appreciateively. The accurate State comprises 11 talukas. For the purpose of implementation of phylogenesis programmes the State is divided into 12 residential district suppuration blocks. As per 2001 enumerate, the universe of the State is 13,42,998. Administratively the State is organised into devil districts North Goa comp emanation six talukas with a measure argona of 1736 sq. kms. and South Goa comprising five-spot talukas with an argona of 1966 sq. ilometers. In tot solelyy in that location atomic name 18 383 villages of which 233 argon in North Goa district and 150 in South Goa district. As per the 2001 census, thither atomic number 18 44 towns of which 14 ar Municipalities and re of importing be census towns. A genuinely striking f fertiliseure of Goa is the harmonical relationship among non-homogeneous ghostly communities, who dish out away buzz offd unitedly stayfully for generations. Though a late dispatcher to the planning work on, Goa has emerged as sensation of the most devel oped States in India and even achieved the ranking of unrivaled of the exceed narrates in India with regards to investment environs and fundament.Goa is Indias midgetest kingdom by bea and the fourth sm completelyest by population. Located in West India in the neck of the woods cognize as the Konkan, it is bounded by the area of Maharashtra to the spousal relationship, and by Karnataka to the eastmost and south, darn the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. Goa is Indias well-situatedest state with a GDP per capita two and a fractional epochs that of the country as a whole. It was stratified the best aboded state by the 11th Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best step of demeanor in India by the National Commission on community based on the 12 Indicators.Panaji is the states extended(p), charm Vasco da Gama is the intumescentst city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the heathen curve of the Portuguese, who outse t nationed in the early(a) sixteenth nose pukedy as merchants and conquered it soon at that place after(prenominal). Goa is a designer Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for or so 450 divisions until it was annexed by India in 1961. far-famed for its brinkes, places of worship and humankind heritage architecture, Goa is avengeed by coarse amount of supranational and internal tourers each year.It excessively has thick flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity calefacientspot. geography Goa encompasses an argona of 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi). It lies among the latitudes 1453? 54? N and 1540? 00? N and longitudes 7340? 33? E and 7420? 13? E. Most of Goa is a kick downst oxygenises of the coastal country know as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it from the Dec mickle Plateau. The broad(pren ominal)est foreland is the Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 meters (3,827 feet).Goa has a coastline of 101 km (63 mi). Goas main rivers atomic number 18 Mandovi, Zuari, Terekhol, Chapora and the Sal. The Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is unitary of the best inhering harbours in South Asia. The Zuari and the Mandovi ar the demeanorlines of Goa, with their tri hardlyaries d raining 69% of its geographic ara. These rivers atomic number 18 go up of the busiest rivers in India. Goa has to a greater extent than forty estuarine, eight maritime and about ninety riverine islands. The total navigable space of Goas rivers is 253 km (157 mi).Goa has to a greater extent(prenominal) than three hundred old-fashioned tanks reinforced during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty and over a hundred medicinal springs. Climate Goa features a tropic monsoon temper under the Koppen climate classification. Goa, be in the tropical zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a hot and humid climate for most of the year. The month of whitethorn is the hottest, seeing day temperatures of over 35 C (95 F) coupled with in high spirits humidity. The monsoon rains arrive by early June and submit a much needed severance from the heat. Most of Goas annual rainf entirely is received by means of the monsoons which last till late September.Goa has a unmindful pass flavor among mid-December and February. These months ar label by nights of near 21 C (68 F) and eld of more or less 28 C (84 F) with agencyrate amounts of humidity. foster interior, cod to altitudinal gradation, the nights atomic number 18 a fewerer degrees cooler. During March 2008 Goa was lashed with heavy rain and strong winds. This was the rootage time in 29 years that Goa had seen rain during March. Transportation in goa Air shipway Goas sole airport, Dabolim aerodrome, is a forces and civilian airport located profoundly indoors the state.The airport caters to municipalated help and internationalist airlines. The airport likewise handles a vauntingly number of subscribeed flights during the wintertime time of year, typically mingled with November and May. Goa has scheduled international connections to Doha, Dubai, Sharjah and capital of the United States of Kuwait in the Middle East and from the United Kingdom, Ger galore(postnominal), internetherlands and Russia during the charter flight touring car season. Dabolim Airport is serviced by the pursual carriers Air Arabia, Air India, Kingfisher Airlines, GoAir, Indigo, SpiceJet, Jet Airways, JetKonnect and Qatar Airways.Charter flights to Europe argon operated by Monarch Airlines, Thomson Airways, Thomas Cook, Condor Flugdienst, Arkefly and an new(prenominal)(prenominal)wisewises. Another international airport at Mopa is proposed payable to land constraints at Dabolim, however, natural selections to move the Navy away from Dabolim to increase cogency argon existence looked at. Roadways Goas earth hex by and striking consists of privately operated b affairs linking the major towns to rural palm. Government- natural spring b practises, maintained by the Kadamba Transport alliance, link major routes (like the PanjimMargao route) and more or less outdoor(a) split of the state.In large towns much(prenominal) as Panjim and Margao, intra-city buses operate. However, public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own window pane, usually motorised two-wheelers and slender family cars. Goa has four National Highways passing by means of it. NH-66 (ex NH-17) runs on Indias west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Dec burn. The NH-366 (ex NH-17A) connects NH-66 to Mormugao Port from Cortalim.The new NH-566 (ex NH-17B) is a four-lane highway connecting Mormugao Port to NH-66 at Verna via D abolim Airport, mainly built to ease embrace on the NH-366 for traffic to Dabolim Airport and Vasco da Gama. NH-768 (ex NH-4A) links Panjim and Ponda to Belgaum and NH-4. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of national highways, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 km of district highway. Hired forms of transport acknowledge unmetered taxis and, in urban atomic number 18as, auto rickshaws. Another form of transportation in Goa is the motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who ar topically called pilots.These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at f ars that are usually negotiated. Other than buses, pilots tend to be the cheapest mode of transport. River crossings in Goa are serviced by flat-bottomed ferry boats, operated by the river navigation de graphic symbolment. railway lines Goa has two rail lines one run by the South Western railway line and the other by the Konkan Railway. The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking th e port town of Vasco da Gama, Goa with Belgaum, Hubli, Karnataka via Margao.The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connecting major cities on the western coast. Seaways The Mormugao harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal, and international containers. Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goas hinterland. Panjim, which is on the banks of the Mandovi, has a minor port, which employ to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s. There was to a fault a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s. phaetonry in goa holidaymakerry was adopted as a key theatre for Goas education, not solitary(prenominal) for the well- geted reasons of increasing in bring forth and conflict but also for its electromotive force to generate non-manual habit in a state with an progressively educated work force and throttle indu strial growth. Fearing industrial pollution, the planners and decision-makers opted for holidaymakerry as an passage to earn the stateis in tell apart on over increased industrial nurture in addition to mining.Except at academic levels, truly little awareness and understanding existed back hence among planners about the processes of the life affirm systems of the coastal milieu and the interactive roles played by each component. This piece highlights the issues and the implications of tourism on the coastal marine and the socio-stinting purlieu of Goa. Most of the tourism in Goa is gruelling in the coastal str etc.es of Bardez, Salcete, Tiswadi and Marmagao. Over 90 share of domesticated tourists and over 99 pct of the international tourists browse these areas.Consequently, land tourism is the only when type that is avidly encouraged by politymakers and other resuscitateed parties alike. Goa is shoot the breezeed by two types of tourists with diaphanous of nec essity which this state satisfies. The first is the domestic tourists, who comprise 80 percent of all tourists. These masses pursue in search of the kitchen-gardening that is assorted from the rest of India, as the Goan image holds a degree of mysticism, a feel of freedom and unorthodox dress style. The second is the international tourists who visit Goa stringently for the natural environmentosun and beaches.Within the category of international tourists are in that respect are two sub-categories backpackers and charter tourists. Although some(prenominal) visit Goa for the beaches, they layover away from each other. The backpackers are not found in areas of charter tourists they opt to amalgamate and live with the topical anaesthetic communities. Whereas, the charter tourists tend to stay in the luxury starred hotels. Domestic and international tourists also differ in toll of the areas they frequent. For the domestic tourist, the beaches hold limited appeal, so domestic tourists go on away from the places frequented by the international tourists.The timings of visits are intelligibly different for the domestic and the international tourists. In precedent decades, a clear off season for all tourists could be identified, nowadays this is not so for domestic tourists, who come throughout the year albeit in big numbers in the non-monsoon months. Conversely, international tourists avoid the monsoon months, as for them the use of the beach is the prime pluckion to come to Goa tourism is generally foc utilize on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist exertion inland. In 2010, in that location were more than two million tourists reported to start visited Goa, about 1. million of whom were from abroad. The tourism board found Prachi Desai, a young Bollywood actress as the face of Goa. Goa has two main tourist seasons winter and summer. In the winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the climate. In the sum mer (which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across India come to lapse the holidays. With the rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years and the of import influence of Portuguese culture, Goa presents a somewhat different picture to the international visitor than other split of the country.The state of Goa is famed for its excellent beaches, churches, and temples. The Bom Jesus Cathedral, foregather Aguada and a new wax museum on Indian history, culture and heritage in Old Goa are other tourism savoir-faires. In some(prenominal) parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style architecture still stand, though in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. Goa also has a few museums, the two definitive ones being Goa State Museum and the nautical Aviation Museum. The Aviation museum is one among three of its cordial in the India, the other two being in Delhi and Bengaluru. Goa tourism teaching Corporation Limited (GTDC)Goa tourist ry tuition Corporation Limited (GTDC) was set up on 30th March, 1982 to look after the commercial-grade activities of the Government in the service intentness of tourism in the state. The liabilities of the Government in the form of fitting (hotels), vehicles, tours, boats and other properties were transferred to Goa Tourism Development Corporation Ltd to run and to manage the same with a view to promoting, evolution in the state and to carry out short letter and to manage the welfare of the employees transferred along with the assets of the Government. Goa Tourism Development Corporation.Ltd has come a long way and realize 25 years of successful operation in tourism sector and is one of the successful Corporations in the service sedulousness in the State of Goa. The phoner is governed by the bestride of theater directors appointed by the Government. The Board of theatre directors consists of 12 members. The shareholders consist of 7 members, all of whom are Government nominees. all told the shares are held by the governor of Goa, except 7 shares which are held by its nominees. The Managing Director is the Executive Head of Goa Tourism Development Corporation Ltd The Organisation The Administrative head of the section is Shri.R. K. Verma, IAS as Principal Secretary (Tourism). The Department has zonary Offices in North Goa at Mapusa and in South Goa at Margao. The touring car selective information Centres/Counters are located deep down the State and in Mumbai (temporarily closed). The zonary officers are primarily responsible for monitoring the enrolment of touring car hatful under the Tourist carry on Act, 1982. The Director of Tourism The current Director of Tourism is Shri. Nikhil Desai. In addition, the Director of Tourism is assisted by the below mentioned officers and whitethorn be contacted by the public as per the tasks assign to each officer Ms.Pamela Mas bring offnhas, Deputy Director (Adm) Is the general incharge of the Administration, Trade and Information Sections. Shri. Hanumant K. Parsekar, Deputy Director ( provision) Is the overall incharge of the Planning Section and matters pertaining to River Princess. Shri. Arvind B. Khutkar (Revenue) Is the overall incharge of the Revenue Section. Shri. Govind R. Prabhu Gaonkar, Asstt. Accounts Officer is the overall incharge of all the financial and accounting matters pertaining to the Department of Tourism. Shri. Jose Roque Gracias Flor, Asstt. Director (Trade) Shri. Rajesh A.Kale, Asstt. Director (Information) Shri. Ra meshing L. Morajkar, Assistant Tourist Officer (Revenue) Shri. Ganesh R. Teli, Assistant Planning Officer (Planning) Shri. Subhash K. Kavlekar, Assistant Planning Officer Shri. Narendra K. Shirodkar, Assistant Tourist Officer of Mapusa Zonal Branch Office. Smt. Angela Jasmina Fernandes, Assistant Tourist Officer of Margao Zonal Branch Office. Activities of the Department Policy Formulation. Development of Infrastructure. Goa Tourist P laces (Protection and Maintainance) Act, 2001 Goa Land (Prohibition of Construction) Act, 1995Administration of Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act. It is mandatory for all Hotels, Travel Agents, Tour Operators, Tourist Guides, Tourist Taxi Operators and Dealers of notified articles and other persons engaged in tourist activities to register themselves under the Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act, Registration is to be annually renewed. Under the Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act, Director is the Prescribed position to issue certificate of registration. Quality Policy GTDC are committed to following To provide our service to our customers to their complete satisfaction.To give value for money exhausted by our guest. To optimally utilize useable infrastructure and compassionate resources. To fabricate & project a customer prosperous & victor image. To comply with type precaution systems. To periodically review established quality objectives. To continually improves and kick upstairs effectiveness of quality management systems. Mission recital At GTDC we strive to provide the finest Tourism connect services to our guests. We vow never to sacrifice our passkey integrity and to produce the highest quality work thinkable and pledge to stay true to it.It is our commitment to establish a long-term relationship with our guests and provide them with prominent value in e trulything we state. Vision asseveration To be a trusted guide to visitors in Goa for all their travel needs, and be a consummate(a) exponent of Goas well- cognise hospitality. Manpower bringing up for the tourism diligence Annual educational activity programs are conducted for staff of GTDC at all levels to enhance their professional and personal development. Grievance Redressal Mechanism Grievances to be communicate to the Executive Head i. e.Managing Director of Goa Tourism Development Corporation Ltd, who exercises all the powers conferred upon him under the Act. Go an culture The boardau of Goa showcases religious harmony by steeringing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. Western royal apparel of kings and regional dances being performed depict the unique mingle of different religions and cultures of the State. The festival of music and dance, Shigmo Mel or the Holi and boundary jubilancys, signify unity in diversity. Prominent local anesthetic festivals are Chavoth, Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Shigmo, Samvatsar Padvo, Dasara etc.The Goan Carnival and new year celebration is known to attract a large number of tourists. Dance and music Traditional Goan art forms are Dekhnni, Fugdi, Corridinho, Mando, Dulpod and Fado. Goan Hindoos are very fond of Natak, Bhajan and Kirtan. M some(prenominal) famed Indian Classical singers hail from Goa, including Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki and Pandit Prabhakar Karekar. Goa is also known as the origin of Goa trance. While Goa trance has achieved fa r-flung popularity itself, it also heavily influenced later forms of music much(prenominal)(prenominal) as psytrance.Food Rice with fish curry (Xit kodi in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa. Goan cuisine is historied for its large change of fish servees cooked with e moilate recipes. cocoanut and coco palm oil are widely employ in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices and acetum giving the provender a unique flavour. Goan food puke be divided into Goan Catholic and Goan Hindu cuisine with each showing very distinct tastes, attributes and cooking styles. Pork dishes much(prenominal) as Vindaloo, Xacuti, chorisa and Sorpotel are cooked for major occasions among the Goan Catholics.An strange Goan vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike. Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and finical Goan spices that add to the aroma. Sannas, Hitt are variants of idli and Po lle,Amboli,Kailoleo are variants of dosaare native to Goa. A rich egg-based multi-layered novel dish known as bebinca is a preferent at Christmas. The most popular alcoholic potable in Goa is feni Cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the harvest-feast of the cashew tree, plot of ground coconut feni is made from the mug of toddy palms.The state also has a rich wine culture. One of the touch ons of tourism on the Goan community is the creeping expropriation felt by the locals. This feeling of being pushed out arises from the fact that starred hotels bedevil in effect gained pull wires over beach resources, which locals fork over used for generations, and are selling access to them at a price. The area that is available to them as commons is increasingly melt offd and overpopulated, causing the locals to avoid the beaches as a whole Consequently, the growth of tourism in Goa has been go with by strong anti-tourism activism.Much of this activism has been targeted at international tourists unintended growth the use of state machinery to promote tourism, which is sensed as distorting the image of Goa and Goan society, the violation of regulations by the hotel mansion the overdevelopment of the coastal strip the preferential access to resources, which large tourism projects are able to get telling to polished projects and local communities the involve on local society from exposure to drugs, aids and more freshly, pedophiles.The bottom-line is that in that location has been little involvement of the public in the policy decision-making process resulting in a strong sense of alienation about decisions that are affecting the lives of the local community. Cities Panaji Panjim, also referred to a Ponnje in Konkani, and in front called Pangim and Nova Goa during Portuguese rule) the state capital. Margao Being commercial and cultural capital of Goa, Margao is second largest populated and busiest city in Goa. Vasco da Gama Old Goa home of f amed sixteenth century churches, convents and monuments.Mapusa Goa also has a number of other minisculeer, graceful and sometimes crowded towns such as those along the beach belt (Calangute, Candolim), and in the interior (Chaudi in Canacona, Sanvordem-Quepem, Bicholim, Pernem town, etc). some of these are gateways to the nearby touristic areas. In addition, Goa has some nearly 350 villages, often scenic and each having a character of its own. Number of tourists visiting Goa Goa, as was mentioned earlier is a subatomic state, with a total population of 13. 48 lakhs as per the 2001 census.Yet every year, Goa receives a large number of domestic and external tourists, who come for around 5- 9 days, stay in Goa. India received a total of 3915324 tourists in 2005, while during the same time Goa was visited by 336803 tourists ( inappropriate) Goa receives the largest number of tourist from UK followed by Russia. Besides, tourists from Germany, Finland, France, Switzerland, ground fo rces and many other countries also visit the state. The domestic tourist comes from all over India, as Goa is a very popular tourists destination.The table shows the number of domestic and unconnected tourist who pack visited the state from 2000 to 2006. Many of the tourists arrive in Goa this instant by the charted flights and the table below shows the number of such tourists who project arrived and the number of chartered flights that run through come to Goa from various countries in the world. The rest of the tourists arrive at Mumbai or Delhi and then come to Goa to visit the place No. of visitors in Goa Domestic Foreigner 2009 2127063 376640 2010 2201752 441053 increment 2010/2009 3. 5% 17% Graph showing comparision between foreigner and domestic touristTypes of tourism Some of the types of tourism are as follows 1. Beach Tourism As Goa has a 105 km coast line, the beaches of Goa are a very important tourist attraction. From Keri in the north to Palolem in the south, Goa has many world famous beaches like Arambol, Colva (longest beach in Goa), Anjuna (known for its flea marketplace), Calangute (most popular and crowded), Palolem and many other small lesser known beaches where the tourists quarter relax, soak up the sun and feast on the local cuisine (photos of various beaches will be shown during the presentation) . Adventure Tourism It has recently cash in ones chips very popular in India. It involves the exploration of remote areas and exotic locales and engaging in various activities like trekking, white water rafting, camel campaigns, paragliding, rock climbing etc. Goa has a very good latent for activities like trekking, paragliding, dolphin sighting boating, and mountain climbing. (photos on camel safari, paragliding, boating in Goa etc will be presented ) 3.Wildlife Tourism India has a rich lumber cover, where we knock some very good-looking and exotic species of crackerslife. Some of these are endangered and high-flown and it is to see them that a lot of tourists come to the country. Goa has 4 wild life sanctuaries, one wild life national park and one bird sanctuary. around 60% of the Goan area is protected area. Around 1. 25 lakhs tourist visit these sanctuaries every year. Goa has a variety of flora and fauna which could be used to attract tourists to these places.Goa also has two beautiful lakes, at Mayem and Carambolim, where migrant birds are sighted in large numbers (photos of crocodiles and of cranes and other birds will be shown during the presentation. Photographs of the wild life sanctuaries in Goa will also be shown) 4. medical examination exam Tourism Medical tourism is a recent phenomenon in Goa. Many world class medical hospitals like Apollo and Vivus know been started in Goa, which provide world class facilities at a fraction of the correspond cost abroad.Foreigners from many developed countries prefer to come to Goa for a variety of treatment ranging from dental surgery, sense of hear ing problems, knee replacements to even heart surgery. This is a market where Goa has potential for further development and the judicature should calculate steps to see that this market sack up be sustained and increased medical tourism croup be promoted in the future 5. Pilgrimage Tourism As with the rest of India, Goa similarly is famous for its religious places and it is a major reason why tourists all over the world come to these places to visit them.The earth Heritage Site at Old Goa is a major tourist attraction with a large number of churches such as St Cajetan, Our Lady of the Mount, St Francis of Assisi perform and Convent, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Se Cathedral, Church of Our Lady of Rosary, the archaeologic Museum, the Christian Art Museum, the ruins of the Church and Monastery of St expansiveine, The Chapel of St Catherine, the viceroys Arch, Chapel of St Anthony (opposite the ruins of the Church of St Augustine) Convent of Santa Monica. Besides this there are many other beautiful churches and temples all over Goa.A few kilometers away from Old Goa, we see the famous Mangueshi and Mardol temples as well as the Saptakoteshwar temples at Narve 6. Cultural Tourism Goa is a land of rich and divers(a) culture and people of different religions (Hindus, Muslims and Christians) live peaceablely together in harmony and they are famous for their own traditions and culture. Goa is famous for the Carnival and the IFFI. Besides, Bonderam (Divar) , Sangodd (Boat festival) and Taranga are also famous. Goa is known for traditionalistic cultural dances and songs (Mandos, Fugddies, Goff, Godemodni and many others) 7.Architectural Tourism India has a rich amalgamation of various architectural styles where the influence of many dynasties and many cultures jackpot be seen. Some of the important places include Dilwara temples at Rajasthan, Taj Mahal at Agra, Victoria terminus and Fort world in Mumbai, Red Fort at Delhi, etc. Goa too has an architecturally ri ch heritage which could be projected by the government as tourist places. Goa has many forts like Chapora, Teracol and Alorna which tail assembly be used to attract the tourists 8. Yoga Tourism Goa is a land of peace and tranquility. Susegad roughly meaning laid-back that is how the Goans are traditionally known. The hinterlands of Goa, far from the noise of the city, are perfect for yoga and meditations. The peaceful villages, where the occasional lowing of a cow is the only belike disturbance, are a perfect backdrop for such a type of tourism. Goa has not concentrated on this at present, but there is a hugh potential for this type of activity. 9. Farm Tourism This is not in short a part of the tourist portfolio but it has a horrifying potential for the future. Goa, with its lush green fields, could easily exploit this resource in the future.Some of the ways in which this could be achieved could be through the techniques of renting trees, animals, farms to tourists where they can come and spend some time on the farm and also learn how the farm operates and how to take care of the animals and the trees. 10. Backwater Tourism Goa is crisscrossed with rivers flowing from the eastern Sahyadri Range to the western Arabian Sea. From north to south, the following rivers, Tiracol, Chapora, Mandovi, Zuari, Sal and Talpona, flow windingly through villages and give support to the local economy, either for agriculture or for search.Sight seeing can be done from the water instead of the road. The inland cruises could fill landing points near the spice gardens, churches and temples so that the tourist can see the important places too along with the scenic river trip. The Alorna fort too can be an attractive attraction for backwater tourism exclude in domestic tourism The various factors that have contributed to this rise in domestic tourism are increased disposable income of the middle class, increased urbanisation and stress of living in cities and towns, incr eased self-possession of cars, which is making domestic tourism more attractive, oddly among the upper-middle and middle classes improved affair benefits, such as the leave travel concession, development of inexpensive bulk transport and improved connections to various places of tourist post increased number of cheap accommodations and resorts, greater advertizing targeted at domestic tourists both by the central and the state governments, as well as the tourist industriousness, and development of time sharing of holiday accommodations, that is being targeted at the middle class.Tourisms impact on Goa Tourism development among policy-makers tends to be discussed in terms of the factors that are of concern to the national and the state governments. The raillery is very much sparing in genius with some industry orientation and focuses on factors such as the revenues from tourism, the foreign exchange earnings, the employment created and the income generated. The focus has evermore been on the implications of tourism development on the economy of Goa and on the relations among the various components of its tourism industry.The microlevel impact of tourism on the destination area immediately around it has been relatively less analyze, if at all. The impacts of such a large-scale, diversely interactive activity as tourism should be more comprehensive of all components. Tourists travel to and from their destinations, are accommodated, fed and entertained. All these activities require extensive infrastructural networks and support services that may not remain limited to the geographical positions of a touristis movements. more thanover, the effects result very much from the interactions among the tourists and the agents in the destination area.Environmental impact of tourism Positive impact 1. Financial divisions. (one of the largest contributor to the exchequer) 2. up(a) environmental management and planning. 3. Increasing the environmental awaren ess. 4. Alternate employment. Negative impact Negative impact of tourism occurs when the level of visitors use is greater than the environmental ability to cope with the power inside the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled tourism poses potential threats to the natural areas including 1.Depletion of resources ( particularly water) Coastal zone environment is particularly fragile and can be divided into two areas the marine part and the land part. For the purpose of this discussion, coastal waters, bays, backwaters, creeks, tidal inlets, and estuaries are considered as components of the marine part of the coastal zone. The linchpiny beaches along with two dunes (one which runs along the seashore, and another that runs parallel but about ascorbic acid to 500 meters away from the seashore) and their vegetation are considered components of the land part.In between these dunes there lies a lynchpiny plain, which acts as a buffer zone between the main land and the sea. The foll owing impacts on the marine part of the coastal zone have been observed while re pick uping the ecosensitive coastal areas of Goa. They have been represented in a flowchart in the Annex. The work was carried out by National Institute of Oceanography on request from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, in August/September, 1996 . Loss of mangroves Thick mangroves on the outskirts of Panaji, at Sao Pedro near Old Goa, around Talpona backwaters and at innumerable other locations are being reclaimed. In addition to the biologic impacts of the loss of mangroves, the tidal waters could flood the ring coastal areas causing erosion and thus inauguration the estuarine banks to storm surges . Reduced fish tempt and species A steady decrease in the total annual fish catch has been observed in Goa. The catch has declined from 105. 44 thousand tones in 1993-94 to 101. 90 in 1994-95 and in 1995-96, to 87. 2 thousand tones. More specifically, at Sancoale-Chicalim Bay, the decrease in production of authentic varieties of shellfish and crabs, both local delicacies, is believed to be due to the land reclamation of mangrove swamps and to the twirl of roadstead to the Sao Jacinto Island and at Talpona. More generally, one or more of the following factors may be responsible for the diminution in fish catch a) Unscientific fishing practices These can include the use of nets with a mesh size small than permissible during spawning periods and the fishing beyond sustainable yields.These practices are pursued due to high demand for fresh seafood in the market. b) Loss of spawning cliqueaign Reasons for this could be mangrove dewoodlandation, land reclamations and siltation. Short-term economic gains from the development of these areas is obviously preferred over the long-term benefits of the saving of ecology. c) Introduction of anthropogenic material whatsoever disturbance at any step in the marine food web may unwittingly affect other species. T he introduction of untreated sewage and waste to the environment would give rise to harmful algal blooms wiping out many species22.Increased turbidity and sediment can also affect the benthic communities. erosion Dispersion of sediment load at any given point depends upon a number of parameters associate to marine currents. Any activity which causes disturbances in these parameters, could shift the sites of deposition and result in erosion, accretion or siltation and changes in the ecology of that area, such as land reclamations, the extraction of sand or the construction of jetties . Consequently, there are a large number of cases where coastal stretches have been subjected to the forces of erosion.Prime examples are Campal and Caranzalem near Panaji, Palolem, Agonda and many other places, where a considerable amount of construction activities have occurred . 2. Pressure on land and resources (to set up hotels and other facilities) Loss of sand dunes Sand dunes have borne th e brunt of construction activities along the coastal stretches of Goa26. Anjuna and Baga-Calangute-Candolim stretches in North Goa, and Salcete beaches comprising Betalbatim, Colva, Varca, Cavelossim and Mobor in central Goa, were the first beaches to lose their dunes.Our discipline showed South Goa to be the next in line as in Galgibaga, two dunes, 10 meters high, have already been flattened into plateaus at half the high to make way for construction. 3. Land degradation (due to spirit trails and other facilities to the tourists) Accretion/siltation Accretion and siltation is occurring. An island is in the process of formation upstream of the mouth of River Talpona. Due to sand bar formation at the mouth itself, which has been more pronounced in the last few years, the river is navigable only during high tides. In addition, local fishermen have noted siltation in the river bed.All these observations suggest disturbances in the natural sediment load dispersion patterns in the Ri ver Talpona. 4. befoulment ( air, water, noise) Sanitation Goa lacks modern treatment and disposal systems for both sewage and garbage. Even the internationally famous beach stretch of Baga-CalanguteSinquerim, does not have rudimentary stern facilities. Tourists, locals, shopowners and the hordes of migrant laborers, who are employed by construction companies along the beaches, have no other option than to use the beaches to answer the call of the nature. Beach brood Plastics are among the very serious problems in a number of Goas beaches, and an action plan is desperately needed to mitigate the problem30. Both the last mentioned problems could be solved through improved enforcement of regulations and infrastructual improvements. Goas unbridled tourism is having an adverse impact on the states environment and society, says a study sponsored by the Confederation of Indian pains (CII). Undertaken by the Goa Institute of Management here, the study says the large-scale growth of t ourism is leading to increased pressure on both society and the environment. Preserving the national heritage and reducing environmental degradation have sprain crucial issues for concern. There is a need to examine the carrying capacity of the state, says the 116-page study. The research analyses Goas agriculture, mining, increment pharma sector, small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and controversial plans for promoting special economic zones (SEZs). It notes that Goas economy is confronted by a material waste management problem and that it desperately needs an efficient public transport system. Enough driveway has not been made to ensure proper impregnable waste management.Again, absence of efficient public transport has increased the growth of motorbikes and cars substantially. This in turn has exasperate environmental pollution. It also points to the migration of unskilled labour from neighbouring states on account of the non-availability of unskilled workers in Goa. Other issues it emphasizes include disputes over land use between small entrepreneurs and large corporates, dependence on other states for clownish produce consumed in Goa, failure to ensure uninterrupted power and the need for improving the quality and cadence of water supply.The research says that a strong despotic co-relation does not seem to exist between tourism growth and employment of locals, especially in the hotel industry. It cited a study that verbalise 80 percent of the employees in hotels were not residents of Goa. This can be partly on account of high wage rates normal in Goa as compared to other under-developed states and therefore managers prefer to hire workers from other states, says the study. It highlights that private transport in Goa is highly expensive in the absence of sufficient public transport and taxi operators were working in monopoly power. exploitation of tourism might have also adversely affected the poor and downtrodden, especially during pe ak season when prices usually go up. A proper estimate needs to be done, the study states. It blames the tourism sector for becoming a breeding ground of touts and fit out agents, which hikes up hotel tariffs and transport costs. There is also an absence of a proper regulatory mechanism to take for the price rise. Wide disparity in prices charged during the peak and off-peak season for various services and between the private and public authority needs to be examined.The economy cannot afford to let the tourist be victimised by the private sector. frugal aspects The foreign exchange earning potential of the tourism industry is one of the main attractions for its support by national governments, while state governments are more concerned with its contribution to local income, taxes and employment. On an average, earnings in foreign exchange for the last three years were US$43-57 million. It is estimated that tourism contributes to around 13. 7 percent of Net State Domestic Prod uct 7 percent of employment and 7 percent to state tax revenues.The money spent by domestic and international tourists is received by different segments of the industry which provide the supporting goods and services. Tourist receipts can be classified into five categories accommodation and food, shop, internal travel, merriment and miscellaneous items. Moreover, in 1992, about 90 percent of the domestic tourists who came to Goa spent less than US$35 per capita per day. Of the international tourists, about 40 percent spent less than US$35 per capita per day and about 41 percent spent more than US$70 per capita per day.As mentioned earlier, however, this trend is changing today . In the last few years indications are that the domestic tourist coming to Goa is increasingly from the more self-feeder segments of society, and the international tourist have increasingly been more of the inexpensive charter packages. Category International tourist (%) Domestic tourist (%) Accommodation a nd food 53. 95 58. 20 Shopping 24. 84 26. 70 ingrained Transport 13. 63 10. 40 Entertainment 2. 61 1. 80 Miscellaneous expenses 4. 97 2. 90 clean length of stay 9 days 5 days Total amount spent per visit US$590 US$110From the statistics available and through observation, local participation in the tourism industry is high in terms of the number of small hotels and paying guest accommodations, yet the bulk of economic investment is concentrated in sightly a few hotels. Thus, using just the accommodation sector as a proxy for the tourism industry as a whole in 1996, close half of all investment in the sector was in the hands of just four large hotels the largest hotels together controlled 69 percent of all investment, and the rest period was made up by smaller hotels. Economic forces are driving social forces here.On the one hand, expectations of high returns, from the sale of land to builders and/or from hiring out houses to tourists quite a than from actively engaging in agri culture or fishing are creating incentives for shifting occupations. On the other hand, social forces are at work in the sense that tourism provides locals with an opportunity to keep their women at home rather than have them till the soil or sell fish in the market. This is sensed as a movement upwards for the locals, and a factor that cannot be ignored in the dynamics of the intersectoral movement of land and labor.Often large tourism development projects require the displacement of some of the original inhabitants of the area. Some of those displaced by present projects, chose to invest their compensations in capital assets, e. g. , taxis, and have become to a degree upwardly mobile in an economic sense. However, there are others who due to their initial circumstances are unavailing to move along the same path, and instead become marginalized, having to replace self-employment for menial jobs in the very resorts that have displaced them. The issue of income distribution needs to be examined.The industry peaks and troughs October-February being the good months and June-August being the lean months due to the monsoon. This seasonality requires the tourism industry to respond by adjusting the make in terms of the services it provides which affects hotels, restaurants and their employees. Because of the search and initial training costs that the employer faces, and because of the need to cater to emergent spurts of demand, a hiring and firing policy is not cost-effective to an employer. The first reaction of employers is to keep labor, but reduce the work hours, a short letter akin to prop inventories of labor in excess of demand.This strategy is back up by employing unskilled labor during the peak season, who are then laid off during the off season as the costs of hiring and firing unskilled labor are not high. A sample survey indicates that the highest seasonality of income (in terms of lower off season earnings) and the highest seasonality of employm ent (in terms of hours worked per week) are experienced by the smaller hotels. It is the unskilled workers who experience most sharply the swings of income and employment in this industry.This is a social cost of the industry to which hitherto scant attention has been paid. Impact of locomote value of Rupee on tourism. Though the rupee falling against the dollar is causing great concern to the countrys economists, it is being seen as a silver liner by tourism experts in Goa who expect more influx of European tourists during the forthcoming season. The tourist season in Goa this time, beginning from October, is expected to be burst as the value of rupee is falling, Travel and Tourism Association of Goa (TTAG) president Fracisco de Braganca said. Europeans find Goa a cheaper destination and naturally they will fly here, he said, adding that, however, the situation is not same for the UK travellers, whose own economy is in crisis. The state expects rise in the tourists from Russia, CIS countries, Poland, Scandinavia and Finland though there will be further drop from UK, Braganca said here yesterday. But, overall TTAG expects a rise in the number of tourists owing to the sluggish rupee versus dollar. Goa had around four million tourists in the financial year 2011-12, of which 1. 69 lakh arrived in 910 chartered flights.In 2010-11, 1. 71 lakh had arrived through 900 chartered flights, which was a tremendous increase compared to 1. 37 lakh tourists arriving in the state through 626 chartered flights in 2009-10. The state government needs to address several issues existing within the system that would encourage more tourism in Goa, the TTAG president said. There should be consistency in policies of the state government they change as per the government, Braganca said. body can be achieved by formation of Tourism Board, which is long overdue in the state, he stated. Eco-tourismEcotourism (also known as bionomical tourism) is responsible travel to fragile, pristin e, and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It purports to educate the traveler provide funds for ecological conservation directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism is held as important by those who participate in it so that future generations may experience aspects of the environment relatively untouched by human intervention.Most serious studies of ecotourism including several university programs now use this as the working definition. Although increase in tourism and tie in activities have enhanced employment related opportunities, coastal developmental activities have induced noteworthy environmental and social problems. The impact gets worsen as a result of related anthropogenic activities that follows such a coastal tourism as a result Goas coastal scenario is fast changing. Construction of resorts, residential dw ellings, commercial establishments, beach side entertainment centres / eat outs have changed the coastal strip drastically.Prior to 1970s, before tourism became a source of revenue, the only identifiable structures along the shore were few cabins and thatched huts made up of coconut leaves that home sea going canoes, some of which can still be seen today. The large plain areas down the dune belts were used for farming and paddy cultivation, activities which are common at trustworthy places even at present. Recreation was restricted to Calangute, Miramar and Colva beaches, being the only beaches which were most frequent (Mascarhenas, 1998).But today several coastal areas are overcrowded due to haphazard growth of structure, resulting in unenviable over-urbanization of coastal regions. Other threats faced by coastal ecosystem are lose of Biodiversity, Deterioration in the quality of life and adverse effect on beaches and sand dunes, mangroves, water bodies and khazan lands. Lately, In recent years and after realizing the environmental consequences, such developmental activities along the centripetal sea front is now shifting towards hinterlands, along rivers and backwaters as well as forest land in the form of eco-tourism. -tourism is more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is invest for preserving and sustaining the diversity of the worlds natural and cultural environments. It accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or soul-destroying to the environment and sustains supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in. obligation of both travellers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism.Eco-tourism also endeavours to encourage and support the diversity of local economies for which the tourism-related income is important. With support from tourists, local services and producers can compete with larger, foreign companies and local families can support themselves. Besides all these, the revenue produced from tourism helps and encourages governments to fund conservation projects and training programs. Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and forest life, thats what eco-tourism is all about.Whether its about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind not to create any mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. Eco-tourism focuses on local cultures, natural state essays, volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is typically be as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions.Responsible Eco-tourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural fa ctors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote recycling, postal code efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities are an integral part of Eco-tourism. Historical, biological and cultural conservation, preservation, sustainable development etc. are some of the fields closely related to Eco-Tourism.Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies. They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, Wildlife Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State commonalty Management, Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians and Archaeologists, etc. Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the innovation Tourism Organization with an annual growth rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world porcine domestic product, 11. % of all consumer spending not a market to be taken ligh tly. The endless telescope of game tourism in India is largely because of its diverse topography and climate. On land and water, under water and in the air, you can enjoy whatsoever form of adventure in India you want. It is one opportunity for you to leave all inhibitions behind and just let yourself go. The mountainous regions offer umpteen scope for mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking, skiing, skating, mount biking and safaris while the rushing river from these mountains are just perfect for river rafting, canoeing and kayaking.The oceans are not behind in any modality as well. The vast and deep expanse of water provide tremendous opportunity for adventure sports in form of diving and snorkelling. The forest and the lay waste to region have their own distinct place in providing scope for adventure tourism in India. You can enjoy animal safari, jeep safari, bird watching, wild camp, wildlife safari and jungle trail in the forest region while jeep safari and camel safari ar e the most favoured adventure sports in the desert region. After all this, if you think the list of adventure sports in India has ended, think again.There is still much left(a) in form of paragliding, hand gliding, hot air ballooning, etc. Sustainable tourism Sustainability is a characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely. Thus it is a process that takes care of tomorrow as well as today, conserving resources where necessary to ensure continuity. Sustainable tourism thus attempts to make minimal impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income and employment for locals, as well as to promote the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive.As tourism grows at a high rate, it tends to place a great stress on the diverse habitats and these will be destroyed. Indiscriminate tourism could very easily destroy, or at least irretrievably damage, t he flora and the fauna of the state. To quote just one example, Goa is famous for the Olive Ridley turtles (Mandrem in Pernem) but as a result of excessive tourism many of the turtles do not find uninjured nesting grounds. The very promotion of eco holiday in the area by the hoteliers are defeating the purpose as littering the beach and overcrowding do not allow the turtles to hatch safely.Sustainable tourism is especially important for a small state like Goa since the influx of both Indian and foreign tourists is increasing very year. Goa being a tiny state, the carrying capacity of the state in terms of the size, facilities available and the ecological fragility should be thoroughly studied and taken into consideration while allowing tourism only then would such tourism be beneficial, in the long run, for the state and the people. The stake holders in sustainable tourism i. e.Community-based management, nongovernmental organizations, tourists and locals all should be trained to see that the fragile Goan ecosystem does not suffer as a result of excessive tourism. Tourists, who promote sustainable tourism are aware of these dangers and seek to protect tourist destinations, and to protect tourism as an industry. Some of the suggestions that I would like to give to improve the tourism industry and make it more sustainable include 1. Diversifying the areas of tourism the tourism industry in Goa has mainly concentrated on beach tourism and neglected other forms of tourism to a large extent.My suggestion is that Goa should metamorphose into other areas , like farm and yoga tourism which have the potential for future growth and development 2. procreation the guides and the local people The local people should be trained in hospitality services and the guides should be trained to provide the necessary and the correct information to the tourist 3. Maintain the control on the prices of goods and the quality of services the prices of the goods and services in Goa a re very high, and hence many tourists are discouraged from shopping and buying local items.The local people too, find the cost of living very high and very often the local people cannot afford to leveraging their daily requirements. The government should keep a control on the prices of the products so that the local people and the tourist do not suffer 4. Improving the infrastructure especially the transport for tourism, transport is very important and in Goa we have variety of transport facilities . motorbike pilots are a unique feature of Goa where a person can travel any outgo on a hired bike.Besides we also have many tourist taxis and other buses, but the rates charged for a small distance are exorbitant. Most of the rickshaws and taxies do not charge by meter. The public transport facility should be strengthened so that the tourists can visit the place of their preference at a very cheap rate. 5. Improving the safety especially of women. Today many tourist women are facing many problems from the local people, especially as they do not maintain the hours and come back to the hotel or guest houses late at night. Many of the foreign women have faced torment and other problems in Goa . Maintaining a control on the beaches. The beaches in Goa are very dangerous for fluid due to the changes in tides. Even after the bankers bill of lifeguards and many warning signs, foreign and other tourists go swim, especially when they are drunk and the number of the exanimate by drowning has increased tremendously. The government and the local people should undertake steps to educate the tourists about the dangers of swimming in the seas. Trained lifeguards should be placed at all the major beaches, with life boats and life belts.